
Where the Ad Money Actually Goes
Billions move through a handful of channels before a single spot airs. We trace the buy from committee to broadcast — and show why the mix is shifting.
One dollar. Four hops. From the donor who writes the check to the ad that interrupts your evening — here's the whole route, drawn to scale.
Illustrative flow of a political dollar — hover any ribbon to trace one path. See How We Count →
Individuals, corporations and unions contribute — some capped and disclosed, some not.
Campaigns, party committees, Super PACs and 501(c)(4)s collect and hold the funds.
Media-buying firms negotiate rates and book the inventory across channels.
Broadcast, cable, digital and connected TV — where the money finally lands.
Split any illustrative buy into its channels and the same shape appears — broadcast still leads, but the digital slice grows every cycle.
Watch the two lines cross. The channel that defined a generation of campaigns is handing the lead to screens you scroll.

Billions move through a handful of channels before a single spot airs. We trace the buy from committee to broadcast — and show why the mix is shifting.

Why some spending never traces back to a name — and what disclosure would change.


A disclosure report, annotated — what each schedule actually tells you.
Figures are illustrative composites from public disclosure filings and published industry estimates, rounded for clarity. We model no single race, party, or candidate, and pin nothing to a specific cycle. Read the method →